Sentimentos e percepções do luto de sobreviventes ao suicídio de jovens / Feelings and perceptions of grief among survivors of youth suicide / Sentimientos y percepciones de duelo entre sobrevivientes de suicidio de jóvenes

Sobreviventes ao suicídio são pessoas que têm suas vidas profundamente afetadas e apresentam sofrimento psicológico, físico ou social após serem expostas a esse fato. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a experiência de sobreviventes ao suicídio de jovens, a partir do luto. Participaram sete sobreviventes entre familiares, amigos e parceiros amorosos de jovens que cometeram suicídio. A análise de conteúdo de entrevistas narrativas apontou que os participantes utilizam explicações racionalizadas ou dissociadas, criando uma distância entre o evento e eles mesmos. Como formas de lidar com o sofrimento podem buscar o isolamento, apoio entre amigos, prática religiosa e/ou a dedicação ao trabalho. Reafirma-se a dimensão do luto diante dessa experiência, além da importância da prevenção ao suicídio e da posvenção aos sobreviventes.(AU)

Suicide survivors are people who have their lives deeply affected; they experience psychological, physical, and social suffering following the occurrence. The aim of this study is to analyze the experience of survivors of youth suicide attempts, based on grief. Seven survivors participated among family, friends, and romantic partners of young people who committed suicide. The content analysis of narrative interviews showed that the participants use rationalized or dissociated explanations, creating a distance between the event and themselves. As ways to deal with suffering, they seek isolation, support among friends, religious practice, and/or dedication to work. The dimension of grief in the face of this experience is reaffirmed, as well as the importance of suicide prevention and postvention for survivors.(AU)

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la construcción metodológica desarrollada en una investigación de maestría, en la que sostenemos la escritura de escenas como método de investigación de la escucha clínica. Las escenas del trabajo en cuestión se recogieron a lo largo del tiempo desde la experiencia en un proyecto de extensión universitario de atención a la niñez y adolescencia en situación de vulnerabilidad social aplicado en una comunidad periférica. En este texto, presentamos los interrogantes que se elaboraron en torno a la elección por el trabajo con escenas y compartimos el rescate histórico de las mismas como un método de escribir la clínica y la reanudación del análisis a partir de la tradición psicoanalítica. Amparadas en el psicoanálisis y en lecturas y contribuciones del filósofo francés Jacques Derrida, nos basaremos en la noción de que la escena se constituye como un lugar de producción, engendrando la configuración particular de elementos significantes en los procesos de subjetivación y de construcción social. La escena no es aquí una representación de lo que pasa en la clínica, sino un modo de producir escucha y sus procesos de investigación.(AU)

Errância e nomadismo feminino: o caso de duas mulheres trecheiras / Errancia y nomadismo femenino: el caso de dos mujeres trecheiras / Wandering and female nomadism: the case of two female wanderers

Resumo Para investigar o papel da mobilidade na constituição dos gêneros, realizamos uma pesquisa com mulheres trecheiras - mulheres sem residência fixa, transitando de cidade em cidade e que utilizam os serviços de assistência social. Participaram do estudo duas mulheres usuárias dos serviços da casa de acolhimento aos migrantes de uma cidade do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, situada na divisa dos Estados de São Paulo e Paraná. Mediante a perspectiva cartográfica e utilizando entrevistas abertas, observamos trajetórias marcantes de ruptura com a vida sedentária e a passagem para uma vida em trânsito, desprendida de vínculos com a família, o trabalho e os papéis tradicionais atribuídos à mulher. Elas buscaram na errância uma alternativa de vida melhor, uma tentativa de fuga dos problemas e das violências de gênero vividas no ambiente doméstico e no relacionamento familiar e foram aprendendo, dia a dia, no trecho, a viverem como trecheiras.

Resumen Para investigar el papel de la movilidad en la constitución de los géneros, realizamos una encuesta a mujeres que trabajaban con mujeres trecheiras - mujeres sin residencia fija, transitando de una ciudad a otra, y que usan los servicios de asistencia social. Participaron del estudio dos mujeres usuarias de los servicios de refugio para migrantes de una ciudad en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, ubicado en la frontera de los estados de São Paulo y Paraná. A través de la perspectiva cartográfica y el uso de entrevistas abiertas, observamos trayectorias notables de ruptura con la vida sedentaria y el paso a una vida en tránsito, separada de los lazos con la familia, el trabajo y los roles tradicionales atribuidos a las mujeres. Buscaron en la errancia una mejor alternativa de vida, un intento de escapar de los problemas y la violencia de género experimentada en el entorno doméstico y las relaciones familiares, y aprendieron, día a día, a vivir como trecheiras.

Abstract In order to investigate the role of mobility in the constitution of genders, we conducted a survey of women wanderers - women without fixed residence, moving from city to city and using social assistance services. The study included two women who use migrant shelter services from a city in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, located on the border of the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil. Through the cartographic perspective and using open interviews, we observed remarkable trajectories of rupture with sedentary life and the passage to a life in transit, detached from ties with family, work and the traditional roles attributed to women. They sought, in their wanderings, a better life alternative, an attempt to escape the problems and gender-based violence experienced in the domestic environment and family relationships, and they learned, day by day, to live as wanderers.

A five year audit of cases admitted in maxillofacial surgery wards in a Nigerian teaching hospital

Objective: Admissions of Maxillofacial surgery patient's are on the rise. However, search of English literature shows that there has not been any audit on pattern of maxillofacial admission done in any Nigerian hospital. The objective of the study was to review the indications and pattern of maxillofacial surgery admission in a Nigerian Teaching hospital over a 5-year period. Methods: A retrospective review of the pattern of maxillofacial admissions in a Teaching Hospital in North-West Nigeria from January 2011 to December 2015. Sources of information included maxillofacial ward admission records; patients' case files, accident and emergency records and patients discharge registers. Results: One thousand one hundred and thirty (1,130) patients were admitted into the maxillofacial ward during the study period with an overall gender ratio of 1:1.25. 260 patients were admitted as emergencies while 870 patients were admitted on elective basis. Review of treatment given showed that reduction and immobilization/ arthroplasties had the highest frequency (29.38%) while sequestrectomies had the lowest frequency of 0.80%. Conclusion: A progressive increase in the number of admission of patients into maxillofacial surgery wards shows that there is need for advocacy to improve the practice of the specialty in this region in terms of resources allocation and manpower development

A Relationship between Depression and Wandering in Community-Dwelling Elders with Dementia

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wandering is one of the most common behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, and associated with some of the adverse outcomes in dementia, such as getting lost or even death. The etiology of wandering is not yet clearly known. As depression and wandering are both very common among the patients with dementia, this study examined the relationship between the depression and wandering among the community dwelling patients with dementia. METHODS: Fifty community dwelling patients diagnosed with dementia were included in this study if they had primary family caregiver, older than age 18 in Seoul, South Korea. The Geriatric Depression Scale, Korean Version (GDS-K), Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) and Korean Version of Revised Algase Wandering Scale-Community Version (K-RAWS-CV) were used to measure the severity of depression, cognitive function and wandering. RESULTS: Thirty percents of the patients showed wandering. Mean score of GDS-K was significantly higher in wanderers than non-wanderers. Severity of depression was significantly correlated with the total score of K-RAWS-CV and subscales of persistent walking, repetitive walking, eloping behavior, and mealtime impulsivity in whole sample. K-MMSE score also was related to wandering behavior. The prevalence odds ratio for wandering in depressed patients compared with undepressed group was 8.386 (95% confidence interval: 1.978-35.561). CONCLUSIONS: This study implicates that not only cognitive impairment but also psychosocial aspects should be considered in wandering patients with dementia and suggests assessing the depression in patients would be helpful in identifying the causes of wandering.

Effects of Aromatherapy and Foot Reflex Massage on Emotion, Sleep Disturbance, and Wandering Behavior in Older Adults with Dementia / 재활간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to evaluate the effects of aromatherapy and foot reflex massage on emotion, sleep disturbance and wandering behavior in older adults with dementia. METHODS: This is a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group. A total of 39 participants were divided into two groups. Aromatherapy and foot reflex massage was administrated to experimental group (N=19). There was no treatment for the control group (N=20). Data were analyzed using the SPSS/Win 18.0 program. RESULTS: Experimental group showed significant differences in emotion, sleep disturbance and wandering behavior in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSION: The results showed that aromatherapy and foot reflex massage program was effective on emotion, sleep and decreasing a wandering behavior in older adults with dementia. This research suggests that aromatherapy and foot reflex massage could be recommended as a nursing intervention for enhancing quality of life in older adults with dementia.

Effects of Multisensory Stimulation Using Familiarity: Persons with Dementia in Long-term Care Facility in Korea

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of multisensory stimulation (MSS) using familiarity on persons with dementia (PWDs) residing in nursing homes in Korea. METHODS: A nonequivalent control group with pre and posttests was used. Fifty one PWDs were included if they: 1) were over 65 yr old, 2) were diagnosed with dementia, 3) had no visual or speech impairments, 4) were able to communicate, and 5) had spent more than one month in a nursing home. The experimental group (n=25) received a 55 min MSS program twice a week for 10 weeks. The outcome variables included were cognition, activities of daily living, grip strength, depression, wandering, and aggressive behaviors. Repeated ANOVA was used for data analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in demographics or the main variables at pretest. Cognition, depression, wandering, and aggressive behaviors were significant over time between the two groups. Grip strength was only significant when accounting for interaction between group and time. CONCLUSION: An intervention of MSS using familiarity was marginally effective in improving cognition, depression, wandering, and aggression. Future study is suggested with a larger sample and longer treatment to retest the effects of MSS.

Comparative research of survey results on the usage patterns of traditional garden between Japan and Austria

This study compares differences between Japan and Austria as regarding outdoor activities. We conducted a survey with respect to the utility patterns of Kairakuen Garden in Mito city, Ibaraki prefecture, which is one of the three major historical gardens in Japan noted for its beauty. This paper compares the results of our survey with a study of the recreational and spatial utility of the historical Schonbrunn Garden in Vienna, Austria, a baroque garden of the former Emperor of Austria. Therefore, both Japan and Austria universities examined the same questionnaire items such as where visitors are from importance of motives of visiting, and wandering behavior at each gardens. Here, in this paper, common motives of visitors in both gardens are discovered. In addition, there were similarities between Kairakuen Garden and Schonbrunn Garden in that the citizens of Vienna frequently tends to avoid the routes that are used by many sightseers, and which can be observed also with the most local residents of Mito visiting the Kairakuen Garden

Wandering Behavior in Korean Elders with Dementia Residing in Nursing Homes / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study investigated various factors relatied to wandering behavior of Korean elders with dementia (KED). METHODS: A sample of 160 ambulatory residents with dementia from 14 long term care facilities was used to examine demographic, individual, cognitive, physical health, and environmental characteristics by comparing wanderers (N=108) to nonwanders (N=52). Subjects were evaluated by Korean versions of the Mini-mental State Exam (K-MMSE), the Physical and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-PIADL), and the Revised Algase Wandering Scale Nursing Home version (KRAWS-NH) along its six dimensions. Demographic and environmental data were also obtained. Independent sample ttests, Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact tests, and ANCOVAs were used to examine differences between wanderers and nonwanders. RESULTS: Wanderers were significantly (p<.05) older and had more limitations in K-PADL and K-IADL. The degree of overall wandering and certain features of wandering were significantly different (p<.05) by total number of residents in the facility, type of bedroom (i.e., "Ondol"), and color of bedroom and living-room walls (i.e., sky blue). CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study may be useful in understanding wandering behavior of KEDs and thus developing more culturally specific management strategies.

Etiological Classification and Epidemiology of Dementia

Etiological classification of a syndrome is most warranted. However, it is very difficult in the case of dementia because many research activities are still being made about the cause of degenerative dementias. In the current paper, clinical aspects and pathological findings were also con-sidered in the etiological classification. Prevalence and annual incidence of dementia are 5-15% and 1.5-2.0% in the elderly over 65, respectively. Old age, female sex, genetic background, lower education, ethnicity or geographical difference, and head trauma seem to be risk factors for developing dementia. Urinary and fecal incontinece, extrapyramidal symptoms, primitive reflexes, psychotic symptoms, and cognitive decline seem to adversely affect on the mortality, while social class, age at onset, depressive symptoms, aggressive behavior, wandering, increased appetite, increased sexual behaviors, and early diagnosis do not.